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Opening A Forefoot Joint To Drain Or Explore

South Dakota rates for HCPCS 28022

Opens a joint in the forefoot surgically to look inside, wash out infection, or take out a loose fragment of bone or cartilage or a foreign object. It is used when imaging or a needle drainage is not enough to clear or identify the problem. The joint is closed afterwards and usually protected in a stiff-soled shoe or boot.

Rates data updated October 2026.

How much does Opening A Forefoot Joint To Drain Or Explore cost?

$2,273

Typical total for the visit. In South Dakota, October 2026.

Insurers have agreed to pay about $2,273 for this procedure. That total is two separate charges: $794 to the doctor who performs it, and $1,479 to the hospital or surgery center where it takes place. Done somewhere without a facility charge, you pay only the first.

These are rates insurers have negotiated with providers, not the amount a patient is billed. What you owe depends on your plan's deductible and coinsurance. Based on rates published by 7 insurance carriers under federal price transparency rules.

What's inside this number

Part of the billTypicalRange
Physician feeThe doctor who performs it$794$617 to $1,096
Facility feeThe hospital or surgery center$1,479$708 to $1,698

How much rates vary

Facilitymedian $1,479 · 10th to 90th $479 to $2,188Professionalmedian $794 · 10th to 90th $417 to $1,380
$500$1K$2Kfacility $1,479professional $794

Distribution of negotiated rates across all payers (price axis is log-scale). Need provider-level prices or 24+ months of history? Contact us.

Rates by insurance carrier

Insurance Carrier
Aetna
Setting
Facility
Modifier
None
Typical Low
$331.13
Median
$501.19
Typical High
$4,365.16
Aetna
Setting
Professional
Modifier
None
Typical Low
$281.84
Median
$407.38
Typical High
$489.78
Cigna
Setting
Facility
Modifier
None
Typical Low
$724.44
Median
$1,479.11
Typical High
$2,187.76
Cigna
Setting
Professional
Modifier
None
Typical Low
$645.65
Median
$954.99
Typical High
$1,258.93
Medica
Setting
Facility
Modifier
None
Typical Low
$478.63
Median
$707.95
Typical High
$1,698.24
Medica
Setting
Professional
Modifier
None
Typical Low
$426.58
Median
$1,230.27
Typical High
$3,630.78
Midlands
Setting
Professional
Modifier
None
Typical Low
$758.58
Median
$758.58
Typical High
$1,122.02
Midlands
Setting
Facility
Modifier
None
Typical Low
$954.99
Median
$1,479.11
Typical High
$2,238.72
Midlands
Setting
Professional
Modifier
None
Typical Low
$676.08
Median
$724.44
Typical High
$1,096.48
Sanford Health Plan
Setting
Professional
Modifier
None
Typical Low
$426.58
Median
$645.65
Typical High
$891.25
United
Setting
Facility
Modifier
None
Typical Low
$1,513.56
Median
$1,513.56
Typical High
$1,819.70
United
Setting
Professional
Modifier
None
Typical Low
$389.05
Median
$870.96
Typical High
$1,380.38
Wellmark
Setting
Professional
Modifier
None
Typical Low
$676.08
Median
$794.33
Typical High
$1,258.93
6 more rates with less common billing modifiers

A modifier changes what was billed, for example a reduced or repeated service. Each of these modifiers carries under 10% of the published rates for this code. Modifier combinations, and modifiers with fewer than 30 rates for a carrier, are not listed.

Insurance Carrier
Aetna
Setting
Professional
Modifier
52 · Reduced service
Typical Low
$141.25
Median
$208.93
Typical High
$245.47
Aetna
Setting
Professional
Modifier
53 · Discontinued
Typical Low
$56.23
Median
$83.18
Typical High
$100.00
Aetna
Setting
Professional
Modifier
54 · Surgery only
Typical Low
$208.93
Median
$316.23
Typical High
$371.54
Aetna
Setting
Professional
Modifier
55 · Aftercare only
Typical Low
$42.66
Median
$63.10
Typical High
$74.13
Aetna
Setting
Professional
Modifier
56 · Pre-op care only
Typical Low
$28.18
Median
$41.69
Typical High
$48.98
Aetna
Setting
Professional
Modifier
78 · Unplanned return to OR
Typical Low
$194.98
Median
$295.12
Typical High
$346.74

Where South Dakota sits

The same service costs 5.3 times more in Colorado than in Montana. Every bar is a state, most expensive first. Touch or drag across it to read any state, then open that state for its carriers and full range.

Physician feeFacility fee

South Dakota· 31st of 51

$2,273

$794 physician + $1,479 facility

CO $6,378MT $1,213

Median negotiated rate in each state, from every insurer that publishes one. States where no insurer publishes a rate for this service are not shown.